For a lot of things, common sense is enough. But for some, you need some data and context.
For example, vitamin D deficient people are more often sick. Common sense would tell you, that taking vitamin D supplements will make you less sick.
However, it simply does not work. Vitamin D taken as a supplement does not do anything in terms of illness.
Common sense is something, that lets us state a hypothesis. But it is not enough to establish valid theory.
So next time someone refers to common sense, ask about the data behind it.